Waraaq furan oo ah taageerada TPAN

21 September ee 2020

Cudurka faafa ee coronavirus wuxuu si cad u muujiyey in iskaashi ballaaran oo caalami ah si deg deg ah loogu baahan yahay si wax looga qabto dhammaan khataraha waaweyn ee caafimaadka iyo ladnaanta aadanaha. Madaxa iyaga ka mid ahi waa hanjabaadda dagaalka nukliyeerka. Maanta, halista qarxinta hubka nukliyeerka - ha ahaato shil, xisaab ama si ula kac ah - waxay umuuqataa inay sii kordheyso, iyadoo dhowaan la geeyay noocyada cusub ee hubka nukliyeerka, ka tagista heshiisyadii mudada dheer ee xakamaynta. hubka iyo khatarta dhabta ah ee weerarada internetka ee kaabayaasha nukliyeerka. Aynu tixgelinno digniinta ay soo saareen saynisyahannada, dhakhaatiirta, iyo khabiiro kale. Waa in aynaan u hurdo-jireynin dhibaato ka sii daran tii aan soo aragnay sannadkan. 

Ma aha wax adag in hore loo sii ogaado sida hadallada dagaal iyo xukun xumada ah ee ay soo saaraan hoggaamiyeyaasha waddammada hubka nukliyeerka wata ay u sababi karto masiibo saamaysa dhammaan quruumaha iyo dadka oo dhan. Anagoo ah madaxweynayaal hore, Wasiiradii hore ee Arimaha Dibada iyo Wasiiradii hore ee Difaaca ee Albania, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain iyo Turkey - oo dhammaantood sheegta in lagu ilaaliyo hubka nukliyeerka xulafada - waxay ugu baaqayaan hoggaamiyeyaasha hadda jira inay ku riixaan hub ka dhigis inta aysan goori goor tahay. Bar bilow cad oo hogaamiyaasha dalalkeenu waxay noqon doonaan inay cadeeyaan bilaa xayiraad in hubka nukliyeerka uusan lahayn ujeedo sharci ah, ha ahaado mid militari ama mid istiraatiiji ah. 
cawaaqib xumo bani'aadamnimo iyo mid deegaan oo ka dhalata isticmaalkeeda. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waddamadeennu waa inay diidaan door kasta oo hubka nukliyeerka laga siiyo difaaca. 

Adoo ku andacoonaya in hubka nukliyeerka na ilaalinayo, waxaan kor u qaadeynaa aaminaada halista ah iyo marin habaabinta ee ah in hubka nukliyeerka uu sare u qaado amniga. Halkii aan u oggolaan lahayn horumarka xagga adduun ka xor ah hubka nukliyeerka, waxaan ka hortageynaa oo aan sii wadi doonnaa khataraha nukliyeerka, dhammaantood waxaan ka baqeynaa in aan ka careysiino xulafadeena ku dhegan hubkaan burburka ballaaran. Si kastaba ha noqotee, saaxiibku wuu hadli karaa waana inuu hadlaa marka saaxiib kale uu ku kaco dhaqan aan taxaddar lahayn oo khatar gelinaya noloshooda iyo tan dadka kale. 

Si cad, tartan cusub oo hubka nukliyeerka ah ayaa socda oo tartan hub ka dhigis ah ayaa si deg deg ah loogu baahan yahay. Waxaa la joogaa waqtigii si rasmi ah loo joojin lahaa xilligii ku tiirsanaanta hubka nukliyeerka. Sannadkii 2017, 122 waddan ayaa qaaday tallaabo geesinimo leh oo aad loogu baahnaa dhankaas iyagoo qaatay Heshiiska Mamnuucidda Hubka Hubka Nukliyeerka ah, heshiis caalami ah oo taariikhi ah oo dhigaya hubka nukliyeerka qaab sharci oo isku mid ah 
hubka kiimikada iyo kuwa bayoolojiga ah, wuxuuna dejiyaa qaab lagu tirtirayo tirtirkooda la xaqiijin karo oo aan laga noqon karin. Waxay dhowaan noqon doontaa sharci caalami ah oo qabanaya. 

Ilaa maanta, dalalkeenu waxay doorteen inaysan ku biirin aqlabiyadda adduunka ee taageeraysa heshiiskan, laakiin tani waa mowqif ay tahay inay madaxdeenna dib uga fiirsadaan. Ma awoodi karno inaan ka liicno wajiga halistaan ​​jiritaanka aadanaha. Waa inaan muujinno geesinimo iyo hadal oo aan ku biirno heshiiska. Annaga oo ah Xisbiyo Dowladeed, waxaan ku sii jiri karnaa xulafada Dowladaha Hubka Nukliyeerka ah, maadaama aysan waxba ka jirin heshiiska laftiisa ama heshiisyadeenna difaaca ee looga hortagayo tan. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaan ahaan lahayn sharci ahaan waajib, marna iyo duruuf kasta, si loo caawiyo ama loogu dhiirrigeliyo xulafadeena inay adeegsadaan, ugu hanjabaan inay adeegsadaan ama haystaan ​​hubka nukliyeerka. Marka la eego taageerada ballaaran ee ay waddamadeennu ka hayaan hub ka dhigista, tani waxay noqon doontaa tallaabo aan muran lahayn oo aad loo ammaanay. 

Heshiiska mamnuucida ayaa ah xoojinta muhimka ah ee Heshiiska Aan Fidinta, kaas oo hadda jirsaday nus qarni, inkasta oo ay si muuqata ugu guuleysatay ka hortagga faafitaanka hubka nukliyeerka ee dalal badan, ayaa ku guuldareystay inuu abuuro caqiido caalami ah oo ka dhan ah haysashada hubka nukliyeerka. Shanta wadan ee hubka nukliyeerka haysta ee heystay hubka niyuukleerka markii NPT laga wada xaajooday - Mareykanka, Ruushka, Ingiriiska, Faransiiska, iyo Shiinaha - waxay umuuqdaan inay u arkaan inay tahay rukhsad ay ku sii heystaan ​​xoogooda nukliyeerka weligood. Halkii hubka laga dhigi lahaa, waxay maalgashi xoog leh ku sameynayaan casriyeynta hubkooda, iyagoo qorsheynaya inay sii hayaan muddo tobanaan sano ah. Tani waa wax aan la aqbali karin. 

Heshiiska mamnuucista ee la qaatay 2017 wuxuu gacan ka geysan karaa joojinta tobanaan sano oo curyaannimo ah. Waa nalka rajada xilliyada mugdiga. Waxay u oggolaaneysaa waddammada inay iska diiwaangeliyaan sharciga ugu sarreeya dhinacyada badan ee ka dhanka ah hubka nukliyeerka iyo inay saaraan cadaadis caalami ah si ay wax uga qabtaan. Sida horudhaca u aqoonsan yahay, saameynta hubka nukliyeerka “ka gudub xuduudaha qaranka, waxay leeyihiin raadad ba’an oo ku saabsan badbaadada aadanaha, deegaanka, horumarka dhaqan-dhaqaale, dhaqaalaha adduunka, sugnaanta cuntada iyo caafimaadka jiilalka hadda jira iyo kuwa soo socda. , oo waxay ku leeyihiin saameyn aan dheellitirnayn dumarka iyo gabdhaha, xitaa natiijada shucaaca ionizing. '

Iyada oo ku dhowaad 14.000 oo hub nukliyeer ah oo ku yaal daraasiin goobood oo adduunka ah iyo maraakiibta badda hoosteeda mara ee markasta ilaaliya, awoodda wax burburintu way ka sarreeysaa mala-awaalkayaga. Dhammaan hoggaamiyeyaasha mas'uulka ka ah waa inay hadda wax ka qabtaan si loo hubiyo in wixii foosha xumaa ee soo noqnoqday ee 1945 aan mar kale dib loo soo celin.Dhawaan ama goor dambe, nasiibkayagu wuu dhammaan doonaa haddii aan wax ka qaban. Ku Heshiiska Mamnuucidda Hubka Hubka Nukliyeerka ah wuxuu aasaas u yahay adduun nabdoon, oo ka madax bannaan halista jirta. Waa inaan hadda qaadanaa oo aan u shaqeynaa kuwa kale inay ku soo biiraan. Dagaal nukliyeer daawo ma leh. Xulashadayada kaliya ayaa ah inaan ka hortagno. 

Lloyd Axvable, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Canada 
Ban Ki-moon, xoghayihii hore ee qaramada midoobay horena u ahaa wasiirka arimaha dibada ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed 
Jean Jacques Blais, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga Canada 
Kjell Magne Bondevik, Raiiselwasaarihi hore iyo Wasiirka Arimaha Dibada ee Norway 
Ylli bufi, Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Albania 
Jean Chretien, Raysul wasaarihii hore ee Canada 
Willy claes, Xoghayihii guud ee hore ee NATO iyo wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Biljimka 
Erik derycke, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada belgium 
Joshka Fischer, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada Jarmalka 
Franco Fratti, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada ee talyaaniga 
Ingibjörg Solrún Gísladóttir, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada ee Iceland 
Bjorn Tore Godal, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada iyo wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga Norway 
Bill graham, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada iyo wasiirki hore ee gaashandhiga ee Canada 
Hatoyama Yukio, Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Japan 
Thorbjørn Jagland, Raiiselwasaarihi hore iyo Wasiirka Arimaha Dibada ee Norway 
Ljubica Jelušic, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga ee dalka Slovenia 
Talavs Jundzis, Wasiirkii hore ee Difaaca Dibadda ee Latvia 
Jan Kavan, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Czech Republic 
Lodz Krapež, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga ee dalka Slovenia 
Valdis Kristovskis, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada iyo wasiirki hore ee gaashaandhiga Latvia 
Alexander Kwaśniewski, Madaxweynihii hore ee Poland 
Yves leterme, Raiisul wasaarihii hore iyo Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Biljimka 
Enrico Letta, Raiisel wasaarihii hore ee Talyaaniga 
Eldbjørg Løwer, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga Norway 
mogens lykketoft, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Denmark 
John mccallum, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga Canada 
John manley, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Canada 
Rexhep Meidani, Madaxweynihii hore ee Albania 
Zdravko Mršic, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada ee Croatia 
Linda Murniece, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga Latvia 
Nano Fatos, Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Albania 
Holger K. Nielsen, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Denmark 
Andrzej Olechowski, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada ee Poland 
kjeld olesen, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada iyo wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga ee Denmark 
Anna Palace, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada Spain 
Theodoros Pangalos, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Griiga 
Jan Pronck, hore (sii hayaha) Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga Netherlands 
Vesna Pusic, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada ee Croatia 
Dariusz rosati, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada ee Poland 
Rudolf xoqida, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga Jarmalka 
juraj schenk, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Slovakia
Nuno Severiano Teixeira, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga ee Portugal
Jóhanna Sigurdhardóttir, Raiisel wasaarihii hore ee Iceland 
Össur Skarphénsinsson, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada ee Iceland 
Javier Solana, Xoghayihii Guud ee hore ee NATO iyo Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada Spain 
Anne-Grete Strøm-Erichsen, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga Norway 
Hanna suchocka, Raiisel wasaarihii hore ee Poland 
szekeres imre, Wasiirkii hore ee Difaaca Hungary 
Tanaka makiko, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Japan 
Tanaka naoki, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhiga Japan 
Danilo Turki, madaxweynihii hore ee Slovenia 
Hikmet Sami Turk, Wasiirkii hore ee Difaaca Turkiga 
John N Turner, Raysul wasaarihii hore ee Canada 
Guy Verhofstadt, Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Belgium 
Knut Vollebæk, wasiirkii hore ee arimaha dibada Norway 
Carlos Westendorp iyo Madaxa, Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada Spain